| Weight | 1 lbs |
|---|---|
| Dimensions | 9 × 5 × 2 in |
| host | rabbit |
| isotype | IgG |
| clonality | polyclonal |
| concentration | 1 mg/mL |
| applications | ICC/IF, WB |
| available sizes | 1 mg, 100 µg, 25 µg |
rabbit anti-Tyrosine Hydroxylase polyclonal antibody 1383
$100.00 – $2,600.00
Antibody summary
- Rabbit polyclonal to Tyrosine Hydroxylase
- Suitable for: WB, ICC/IF
- Reacts with: human, mouse, rat
- Isotype: IgG
- 100 µg, 25 µg, 1 mg
rabbit anti-Tyrosine Hydroxylase polyclonal antibody 1383
| target relevance |
|---|
| Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is an enzyme critical for the synthesis of catecholamines, including dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. In research, TH has emerged as a vital cell marker, particularly for dopaminergic neurons. Dopaminergic neurons play essential roles in the brain's reward and motor systems and are implicated in various neurological disorders, such as Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia. TH immunohistochemistry, aided by specific antibodies targeting TH, allows researchers to identify and visualize dopaminergic neurons and assess their distribution and density in brain tissues. Additionally, these antibodies enable the quantification of TH levels, serving as a valuable tool for studying changes in dopaminergic function under different experimental conditions or in disease states. Furthermore, TH antibodies aid in the identification and analysis of TH-expressing cells in non-neuronal tissues, like the adrenal gland. Click for more on: cell markers and Tyrosine hydroxylase |
| Protein names Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.16.2) (Tyrosine 3-hydroxylase) (TH) |
| Gene names TH,TH TYH |
| Protein family Biopterin-dependent aromatic amino acid hydroxylase family |
| Mass 58600Da |
| Function Catalyzes the conversion of L-tyrosine to L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-Dopa), the rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of cathecolamines, dopamine, noradrenaline, and adrenaline. Uses tetrahydrobiopterin and molecular oxygen to convert tyrosine to L-Dopa (PubMed:17391063, PubMed:1680128, PubMed:15287903, PubMed:8528210, Ref.18, PubMed:34922205, PubMed:24753243). In addition to tyrosine, is able to catalyze the hydroxylation of phenylalanine and tryptophan with lower specificity (By similarity). Positively regulates the regression of retinal hyaloid vessels during postnatal development (By similarity). ; [Isoform 5]: Lacks catalytic activity. ; [Isoform 6]: Lacks catalytic activity. |
| Catalytic activity Reaction=(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tyrosine + O2 = (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:18201, ChEBI:CHEBI:15379, ChEBI:CHEBI:15642, ChEBI:CHEBI:57504, ChEBI:CHEBI:58315, ChEBI:CHEBI:59560; EC=1.14.16.2; Evidence=; PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:18202; Evidence=; |
| Pathway Catecholamine biosynthesis; dopamine biosynthesis; dopamine from L-tyrosine: step 1/2. |
| Subellular location Cytoplasm, perinuclear region Nucleus Cell projection, axon Cytoplasm Cytoplasmic vesicle, secretory vesicle, synaptic vesicle Note=When phosphorylated at Ser-19 shows a nuclear distribution and when phosphorylated at Ser-31 as well at Ser-40 shows a cytosolic distribution (By similarity). Expressed in dopaminergic axons and axon terminals. |
| Tissues Mainly expressed in the brain and adrenal glands. |
| Structure Homotetramer (Ref.18, PubMed:24947669). Interacts (when phosphorylated at Ser-19) with YWHAG; one YWHAG dimer bounds to one TH tetramer, this interaction may influence the phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of other sites (PubMed:24947669). |
| Post-translational modification Phosphorylated on Ser-19, Ser-62 and Ser-71 by several protein kinases with different site specificities. Phosphorylation at Ser-62 and Ser-71 leads to an increase of TH activity (PubMed:7901013). Phosphorylation at Ser-71 activates the enzyme and also counteracts the feedback inhibition of TH by catecholamines (PubMed:15287903). Phosphorylation of Ser-19 and Ser-62 triggers the proteasomal degradation of TH through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (By similarity). Phosphorylation at Ser-62 facilitates transport of TH from the soma to the nerve terminals via the microtubule network (PubMed:28637871). Phosphorylation at Ser-19 induces the high-affinity binding to the 14-3-3 protein YWHAG; this interaction may influence the phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of other sites (PubMed:24947669). Ser-19 increases the phosphorylation at Ser-71 in a hierarchical manner, leading to increased activity (By similarity). |
| Target Relevance information above includes information from UniProt accession : P07101 |
| The UniProt Consortium |
Data
 |
| Immunofluorescent analysis of rat brain section stained with rabbit pAb to tyrosine hydroxylase, 1383, dilution 1:10,000, in red and costained with mouse mAb to pNF-H dilution 1:1,000 in green. The blue is Hoechst staining of nuclear DNA. Following transcardial perfusion of rat with 4% paraformaldehyde, brain was post fixed for 24 hours, cut to 45µM, and free-floating sections were stained with the above antibodies. The 1383 antibody stains the striatal TH expressing interneurons, while the pNF-H antibody labels axons from other neuronal cells. |
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| Chromogenic immunostaining of a NBF fixed paraffin embedded human midbrain section with rabbit pAb to tyrosine hydroxylase, 1383, dilution 1:10,000, detected with DAB (brown) using the Vector Labs ImmPRESS method and reagents with citra buffer retrieval. Hematoxylin (blue) was used as the counterstain. In this image, 1383 antibody labels dopaminergic neurons and their axons traversing the striatum. This antibody performs well in testing with 4% PFA and standard NBF fixed mouse, rat and human tissue. Mouse select image for larger view. |
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| Western blot analysis of different tissue and cell lysates using rabbit pAb to TH, 1383, dilution 1:5,000 in green: [1] protein standard (red), [2] rat brain, [3] mouse brain, [4] SH-SY5Y cells, and [5] PC12 cells. The strong band at about 60kDa corresponds to TH protein expected in brain and PC12 extracts but not in SH-SY5Y cells. |
Publications
Published literature highly relevant to the biological target of this product and referencing this antibody or clone are retrieved from PubMed database provided by The United States National Library of Medicine at the National Institutes of Health.There are 14 publications in our database for this antibody or clone. Here are the latest 5, for more click below.
| pmid | title | authors | citation |
|---|---|---|---|
| 35326650 | Ion Channel Drugs Suppress Cancer Phenotype in NG108-15 and U87 Cells: Toward Novel Electroceuticals for Glioblastoma | Mathews J, Kuchling F, Baez-Nieto D, Diberardinis M, Pan JQ, Levin M. | Cancers (Basel). 2022 Mar 15;14(6):1499. doi: 10.3390/cancers14061499. |
| 34610452 | TLR4 and AT1R mediate blood-brain barrier disruption, neuroinflammation, and autonomic dysfunction in spontaneously hypertensive rats | Mowry FE, Peaden SC, Stern JE, Biancardi VC. | Pharmacol Res. 2021 Dec;174:105877. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105877. Epub 2021 Oct 2. |
| 34408150 | α-Synuclein-induced dysregulation of neuronal activity contributes to murine dopamine neuron vulnerability | Dagra A, Miller DR, Lin M, Gopinath A, Shaerzadeh F, Harris S, Sorrentino ZA, Støier JF, Velasco S, Azar J, Alonge AR, Lebowitz JJ, Ulm B, Bu M, Hansen CA, Urs N, Giasson BI, Khoshbouei H. | NPJ Parkinsons Dis. 2021 Aug 18;7(1):76. doi: 10.1038/s41531-021-00210-w. |
| 34285243 | TNFα increases tyrosine hydroxylase expression in human monocytes | Gopinath A, Badov M, Francis M, Shaw G, Collins A, Miller DR, Hansen CA, Mackie P, Tansey MG, Dagra A, Madorsky I, Ramirez-Zamora A, Okun MS, Streit WJ, Khoshbouei H. | NPJ Parkinsons Dis. 2021 Jul 20;7(1):62. doi: 10.1038/s41531-021-00201-x. |
| 32275335 | Microglia senescence occurs in both substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area | Shaerzadeh F, Phan L, Miller D, Dacquel M, Hachmeister W, Hansen C, Bechtle A, Tu D, Martcheva M, Foster TC, Kumar A, Streit WJ, Khoshbouei H. | Glia. 2020 Nov;68(11):2228-2245. doi: 10.1002/glia.23834. Epub 2020 Apr 10. |
Protocols
| relevant to this product |
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| Western blot ICC |
Documents
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