| Weight | 1 lbs |
|---|---|
| Dimensions | 9 × 5 × 2 in |
| host | chicken |
| isotype | IgY |
| clonality | polyclonal |
| concentration | 1 mg/mL |
| applications | ICC/IF, IHC, WB |
| reactivity | human, mouse, rat |
| available sizes | 1 mg, 100 µg, 25 µg |
chicken anti-Tyrosine Hydroxylase polyclonal antibody 5799
$100.00 – $2,600.00
Antibody summary
- Chicken polyclonal to Tyrosine Hydroxylase
- Suitable for: WB, ICC/IF, IHC
- Reacts with: human, mouse, rat
- Isotype: IgY
- 100 µg, 25 µg, 1 mg
chicken anti-Tyrosine Hydroxylase polyclonal antibody 5799
| target relevance |
|---|
| Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is an enzyme critical for the synthesis of catecholamines, including dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. In research, TH has emerged as a vital cell marker, particularly for dopaminergic neurons. Dopaminergic neurons play essential roles in the brain's reward and motor systems and are implicated in various neurological disorders, such as Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia. TH immunohistochemistry, aided by specific antibodies targeting TH, allows researchers to identify and visualize dopaminergic neurons and assess their distribution and density in brain tissues. Additionally, these antibodies enable the quantification of TH levels, serving as a valuable tool for studying changes in dopaminergic function under different experimental conditions or in disease states. Furthermore, TH antibodies aid in the identification and analysis of TH-expressing cells in non-neuronal tissues, like the adrenal gland. Click for more on: cell markers and Tyrosine hydroxylase |
| Protein names Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.16.2) (Tyrosine 3-hydroxylase) (TH) |
| Gene names TH,TH TYH |
| Protein family Biopterin-dependent aromatic amino acid hydroxylase family |
| Mass 58600Da |
| Function Catalyzes the conversion of L-tyrosine to L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-Dopa), the rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of cathecolamines, dopamine, noradrenaline, and adrenaline. Uses tetrahydrobiopterin and molecular oxygen to convert tyrosine to L-Dopa (PubMed:17391063, PubMed:1680128, PubMed:15287903, PubMed:8528210, Ref.18, PubMed:34922205, PubMed:24753243). In addition to tyrosine, is able to catalyze the hydroxylation of phenylalanine and tryptophan with lower specificity (By similarity). Positively regulates the regression of retinal hyaloid vessels during postnatal development (By similarity). ; [Isoform 5]: Lacks catalytic activity. ; [Isoform 6]: Lacks catalytic activity. |
| Catalytic activity Reaction=(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tyrosine + O2 = (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:18201, ChEBI:CHEBI:15379, ChEBI:CHEBI:15642, ChEBI:CHEBI:57504, ChEBI:CHEBI:58315, ChEBI:CHEBI:59560; EC=1.14.16.2; Evidence=; PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:18202; Evidence=; |
| Pathway Catecholamine biosynthesis; dopamine biosynthesis; dopamine from L-tyrosine: step 1/2. |
| Subellular location Cytoplasm, perinuclear region Nucleus Cell projection, axon Cytoplasm Cytoplasmic vesicle, secretory vesicle, synaptic vesicle Note=When phosphorylated at Ser-19 shows a nuclear distribution and when phosphorylated at Ser-31 as well at Ser-40 shows a cytosolic distribution (By similarity). Expressed in dopaminergic axons and axon terminals. |
| Tissues Mainly expressed in the brain and adrenal glands. |
| Structure Homotetramer (Ref.18, PubMed:24947669). Interacts (when phosphorylated at Ser-19) with YWHAG; one YWHAG dimer bounds to one TH tetramer, this interaction may influence the phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of other sites (PubMed:24947669). |
| Post-translational modification Phosphorylated on Ser-19, Ser-62 and Ser-71 by several protein kinases with different site specificities. Phosphorylation at Ser-62 and Ser-71 leads to an increase of TH activity (PubMed:7901013). Phosphorylation at Ser-71 activates the enzyme and also counteracts the feedback inhibition of TH by catecholamines (PubMed:15287903). Phosphorylation of Ser-19 and Ser-62 triggers the proteasomal degradation of TH through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (By similarity). Phosphorylation at Ser-62 facilitates transport of TH from the soma to the nerve terminals via the microtubule network (PubMed:28637871). Phosphorylation at Ser-19 induces the high-affinity binding to the 14-3-3 protein YWHAG; this interaction may influence the phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of other sites (PubMed:24947669). Ser-19 increases the phosphorylation at Ser-71 in a hierarchical manner, leading to increased activity (By similarity). |
| Involvement in disease Segawa syndrome autosomal recessive (ARSEGS) [MIM:605407]: A form of DOPA-responsive dystonia presenting in infancy or early childhood. Dystonia is defined by the presence of sustained involuntary muscle contractions, often leading to abnormal postures. Some cases present with parkinsonian symptoms in infancy. Unlike all other forms of dystonia, it is an eminently treatable condition, due to a favorable response to L-DOPA. Note=The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.; Note=May play a role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson disease (PD). A genome-wide copy number variation analysis has identified a 34 kilobase deletion over the TH gene in a PD patient but not in any controls. |
| Target Relevance information above includes information from UniProt accession: P07101 |
| The UniProt Consortium |
Data
 |
| Immunofluorescent analysis of rat brain section stained with chicken pAb to tyrosine hydroxylase, 5799, dilution 1:5,000, in green. The blue is Hoechst staining of nuclear DNA. 5799 antibody stains the dopaminergic TH-positive neurons and their processes of the substantia nigra. |
 |
| Chromogenic immunostaining of a formalin fixed paraffin embedded rat brain stem sagittal section with chicken pAb to tyrosine hydroxylase, 5799, dilution 1:10,000, detected in DAB (brown) following the The sample was processed using our standard IHC protocol outlined here. Hematoxylin (blue) was used as the counterstain. The tyrosine hydroxylase antibody stains perikarya and processes of certain chatecholaminergic neuronal cells. |
 |
| Affinity purified 5799 conjugated with ALEXA647 reliably detects TH expressed in murine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Whole blood acquired from C57B6/J mice via cardiac puncture was diluted 1:1 in sterile PBS and layered on top of Ficoll-Histopaque (GE Healthcare, 17-1440-03) and centrifuged at 400g, room temperature, for 20 minutes with acceleration set to minimum and brakes off. Cells acquired from interface of Ficoll and whole blood were washed twice in sterile PBS, and immediately fixed on ice using the eBioscience Fixation/Permeablization kit (eBioscience, 88-8824-00) for 30 minutes, then washed twice with 1mL permeabilization buffer. Intracellular staining for TH was accomplished by addition of 2µL of affinity purified 5799 directly conjugated to Alexa647 in 100uL staining volume (1:50 dilution from stock antibody conjugate solution at 2.2mg/mL) and incubated at room temperature for 30 minutes. Following two washes in 1mL permeabilization buffer, data were immediately acquired on a Sony SP6800 Spectral Analyzer, and analyzed in a FCS Express 7 software (DeNovo) in the University of Florida ICBR cytometry lab. Data provided by Adithya Gopinath working in the lab of Habibeh Khoshbouei, University of Florida Clear separation of the positive sample (red) from negative control (black, chicken IgY plus anti-chicken Alexa647 conjugate) indicates clear staining and specificity of chicken anti-TH-647 for TH expressed in murine PBMCs, and shows suitability for flow cytometric analysis of murine PBMCs for TH expression. Further details about this interesting approach are found in Gopinath et al. (2020). |
|
| Western blot analysis of different tissue lysates using chicken pAb to tyrosine hydroxylase, 5799, dilution 1:50,000 in green: [1] protein standard (red), [2] rat brain caudate/putmen region, [3] rat brain midbrain, [4] whole mouse brain and brain stem excluding cerebellum, and [5] segment of cow midbrain. The strong band at about 58kDa corresponds to the TH protein. |
Publications
Publications
| pmid | title | authors | citation |
|---|---|---|---|
| 36710070 | Methamphetamine induces a low dopamine transporter expressing state without altering the total number of peripheral immune cells. | Adithya Gopinath, Tabish Riaz, Emily Miller, Leah Phan, Aidan Smith, Ohee Syed, Stephen Franks, Luis R Martinez, Habibeh Khoshbouei | Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 133:496-507 |
| 36260113 | Identification and characterization of novel abdominal and pelvic brown adipose depots in mice. | Ana M Mesa, Theresa I Medrano, Vijay K Sirohi, William H Walker, Richard D Johnson, Sergei G Tevosian, Angie M Adkin, Paul S Cooke | Adipocyte 11:616-629 |
| 35672374 | DAT and TH expression marks human Parkinson's disease in peripheral immune cells. | Adithya Gopinath, Phillip Mackie, Basil Hashimi, Anna Marie Buchanan, Aidan R Smith, Rachel Bouchard, Gerry Shaw, Martin Badov, Leila Saadatpour, Aryn Gittis, Adolfo Ramirez-Zamora, Michael S Okun, Wolfgang J Streit, Parastoo Hashemi, Habibeh Khoshbouei | NPJ Parkinsons Dis 8:72 |
| 31634479 | A novel approach to study markers of dopamine signaling in peripheral immune cells. | Adithya Gopinath, Andria Doty, Phillip M Mackie, Basil Hashimi, Madison Francis, Leila Saadatpour, Kaustuv Saha, Gerry Shaw, Adolfo Ramirez-Zamora, Michael S Okun, Wolfgang J Streit, Habibeh Khoshbouei | J Immunol Methods 476:112686 |
| 21176768 | Tyrosine hydroxylase and regulation of dopamine synthesis. | S Colette Daubner, Tiffany Le, Shanzhi Wang | Arch Biochem Biophys 508:1-12 |
Protocols
| relevant to this product |
|---|
| Western blot IHC ICC |
Documents
| # | SDS | Certificate | |
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