Cytomegalovirus (CMV):
Cytomegalovirus is a member of the Herpesviridae family, belonging to the Betaherpesvirinae subfamily. It is a large, enveloped, double-stranded DNA virus with an icosahedral capsid. CMV is known for its ability to establish lifelong latent infections in humans after primary exposure. It can infect a wide range of cells, including epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and cells of the immune system.

Diseases caused by Cytomegalovirus:
Cytomegalovirus infections are typically asymptomatic in healthy individuals but can cause significant complications in immunocompromised individuals and pregnant women. In immunocompromised individuals, such as those with HIV/AIDS or undergoing organ transplantation, CMV can cause severe disease, including pneumonia, retinitis, and gastrointestinal issues. Congenital CMV infection, transmitted from mother to baby during pregnancy, can lead to developmental abnormalities, hearing loss, and other serious health problems in newborns.

Detection and Diagnosis of Cytomegalovirus:
Diagnosing CMV infections often involves detecting viral DNA or antigens in clinical samples. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a common molecular method used for detecting CMV DNA in blood, urine, or other tissues. Serological methods, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), like the assays provided here, can detect antibodies produced in response to infection by CMV and are useful for determining past exposure. Antiviral medications are available for the treatment of severe CMV infections, particularly in immunocompromised individuals