Name: mouse anti-Clostridium difficile Toxin A monoclonal antibody (PCG4) 9348
SKU: 9348parent
Price: 508.00 USD
Availability: InStock

Weight	1 lbs
Dimensions	9 × 5 × 2 in
host	mouse
isotype	IgG2a
clonality	monoclonal
concentration	1 mg/mL
applications	ICC/IF, WB
reactivity	Clostridium difficile Toxin A
available sizes	100 µg

mouse anti-Clostridium difficile Toxin A monoclonal antibody (PCG4) 9348

antibody

Tested applications ICC/IF,ELISA
Recommended dilutions ELISA: for detection use at 1-10ug/ml Immunoblotting: use at 0.5-2ug/ml. Immunofluorescence: use at 1-5ug/ml. These are recommended concentrations. End users should determine optimal concentrations for their applications.
Immunogen Toxin A purified from culture filtrates of C. difficile 10463 and inactivated with 0.4
Size and concentration 100µg and 1 mg/mL
Form liquid
Storage Instructions These antibodies are stable for at least one (1) year at -20° to -70°C. Store product in appropriate aliquots to avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage buffer PBS, pH 7.2, 0.1% NaN₃.
Purity protein affinty purification
Clonality monoclonal
Isotype IgG2a
Compatible secondaries goat anti-mouse IgG, H&L chain specific, peroxidase conjugated polyclonal antibody 5486 goat anti-mouse IgG, H&L chain specific, biotin conjugated, Conjugate polyclonal antibody 2685 goat anti-mouse IgG, H&L chain specific, FITC conjugated polyclonal antibody 7854 goat anti-mouse IgG, H&L chain specific, peroxidase conjugated polyclonal antibody, crossabsorbed 1706 goat anti-mouse IgG, H&L chain specific, biotin conjugated polyclonal antibody, crossabsorbed 1716 goat anti-mouse IgG, H&L chain specific, FITC conjugated polyclonal antibody, crossabsorbed 1721
Isotype control Mouse monocolonal IgG2a - Isotype Control

target relevance
Protein names Toxin A (EC 3.4.22.-) [Cleaved into: Glucosyltransferase TcdA (EC 2.4.1.-)]
Gene names tcdA,tcdA toxA
Protein family Clostridial glucosylating toxin (LCGT) family
Mass 308056Da
Function FUNCTION: [Toxin A]: Precursor of a cytotoxin that targets and disrupts the colonic epithelium, inducing the host inflammatory and innate immune responses and resulting in diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis (PubMed:20844489). TcdA and TcdB constitute the main toxins that mediate the pathology of C.difficile infection, an opportunistic pathogen that colonizes the colon when the normal gut microbiome is disrupted (PubMed:19252482, PubMed:20844489). Compared to TcdB, TcdA is less virulent and less important for inducing the host inflammatory and innate immune responses (PubMed:19252482). This form constitutes the precursor of the toxin: it enters into host cells and mediates autoprocessing to release the active toxin (Glucosyltransferase TcdA) into the host cytosol (By similarity). Targets colonic epithelia by binding to some receptor, and enters host cells via clathrin-mediated endocytosis (By similarity). Binding to LDLR, as well as carbohydrates and sulfated glycosaminoglycans on host cell surface contribute to entry into cells (PubMed:1670930, PubMed:31160825, PubMed:16622409). In contrast to TcdB, Frizzled receptors FZD1, FZD2 and FZD7 do not act as host receptors in the colonic epithelium for TcdA (PubMed:27680706). Once entered into host cells, acidification in the endosome promotes the membrane insertion of the translocation region and formation of a pore, leading to translocation of the GT44 and peptidase C80 domains across the endosomal membrane (By similarity). This activates the peptidase C80 domain and autocatalytic processing, releasing the N-terminal part (Glucosyltransferase TcdA), which constitutes the active part of the toxin, in the cytosol (PubMed:17334356, PubMed:19553670, PubMed:27571750). {ECO:0000250\|UniProtKB:P18177, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:16622409, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:1670930, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:17334356, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:19252482, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:19553670, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:20844489, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:27571750, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:27680706, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:31160825}.; FUNCTION: [Glucosyltransferase TcdA]: Active form of the toxin, which is released into the host cytosol following autoprocessing and inactivates small GTPases (PubMed:7775453, PubMed:24905543, PubMed:30622517, PubMed:22747490, PubMed:22267739). Acts by mediating monoglucosylation of small GTPases of the Rho family (Rac1, RhoA, RhoB, RhoC, Rap2A and Cdc42) in host cells at the conserved threonine residue located in the switch I region ('Thr-37/35'), using UDP-alpha-D-glucose as the sugar donor (PubMed:7775453, PubMed:24905543, PubMed:30622517, PubMed:22747490, PubMed:22267739). Monoglucosylation of host small GTPases completely prevents the recognition of the downstream effector, blocking the GTPases in their inactive form, leading to actin cytoskeleton disruption and cell death, resulting in the loss of colonic epithelial barrier function (PubMed:7775453). Also able to catalyze monoglucosylation of some members of the Ras family (H-Ras/HRAS, K-Ras/KRAS and N-Ras/NRAS), but with much less efficiency than with Rho proteins, suggesting that it does not act on Ras proteins in vivo (PubMed:30622517). {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:22267739, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:22747490, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:24905543, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:30622517, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:7775453}.
Catalytic activity CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: [Glucosyltransferase TcdA]: Reaction=L-threonyl-[protein] + UDP-alpha-D-glucose = 3-O-(alpha-D-glucosyl)-L-threonyl-[protein] + H(+) + UDP; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:64684, Rhea:RHEA-COMP:11060, Rhea:RHEA-COMP:16656, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:30013, ChEBI:CHEBI:58223, ChEBI:CHEBI:58885, ChEBI:CHEBI:156085; Evidence={ECO:0000269\|PubMed:22267739, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:22747490, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:24905543, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:30622517, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:7775453}; PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:64685; Evidence={ECO:0000269\|PubMed:22267739, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:22747490, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:24905543, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:30622517, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:7775453};
Subellular location SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Toxin A]: Secreted {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:22685398}. Host endosome membrane {ECO:0000250\|UniProtKB:P18177}. Note=Secreted from C.difficile cell into the extracellular environment via help of holin-like protein TcdE/UtxA (PubMed:22685398). Binds to the cell surface receptors via the receptor-binding region and enters the cells via clathrin-mediated endocytosis (PubMed:20498856). Acidification in the endosome triggers conformational changes that promote the membrane insertion of the translocation region, allowing formation of a pore, leading to translocation of the GT44 and peptidase C80 domains across the endosomal membrane (By similarity). 1D-myo-inositol hexakisphosphate-binding (InsP6) activates the peptidase C80 domain and autoprocessing, generating the Glucosyltransferase TcdA form, which is released in the host cytosol (PubMed:19553670). {ECO:0000250\|UniProtKB:P18177, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:19553670, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:20498856, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:22685398}.; SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Glucosyltransferase TcdA]: Host cytoplasm, host cytosol {ECO:0000250\|UniProtKB:P18177}. Host cell membrane {ECO:0000250\|UniProtKB:Q46342}; Peripheral membrane protein {ECO:0000250\|UniProtKB:Q46342}; Cytoplasmic side {ECO:0000250\|UniProtKB:Q46342}. Note=Binding to phospholipids, such as phosphatidylserine and phosphatidic acid promotes localization to the inner face of the cell membrane close to its membrane anchored substrates (small GTPases). {ECO:0000250\|UniProtKB:Q46342}.
Structure SUBUNIT: [Toxin A]: Interacts with host LDLR; LDLR probably does not constitute a major receptor but may contribute to entry into cells. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:31160825}.
Post-translational modification PTM: [Toxin A]: Undergoes autocatalytic cleavage to release the N-terminal part (Glucosyltransferase TcdA), which constitutes the active part of the toxin, in the host cytosol (PubMed:17334356, PubMed:22267739, PubMed:19553670, PubMed:27571750). 1D-myo-inositol hexakisphosphate-binding (InsP6) activates the peptidase C80 domain and promotes autoprocessing (PubMed:17334356, PubMed:19553670). {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:17334356, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:19553670, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:22267739, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:27571750}.
Target Relevance information above includes information from UniProt accession : P16154
The UniProt Consortium

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Western blot IHC ICC

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