West Nile Virus (WNV):
West Nile Virus is a single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Flaviviridae family. It is an arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) primarily transmitted to humans through the bite of infected mosquitoes. WNV has a positive-sense RNA genome and an enveloped structure.

Diseases caused by West Nile Virus:
West Nile Virus infection can range from asymptomatic to severe neurological diseases. Most people infected with WNV do not develop symptoms, but some may experience fever, headache, body aches, and occasionally a rash. In severe cases, particularly among older adults and individuals with weakened immune systems, WNV can lead to West Nile encephalitis or meningitis, which may result in long-term neurological complications or, in rare cases, be fatal.

Detection and Diagnosis of West Nile Virus:
Diagnosing West Nile Virus infections involves laboratory tests to detect the virus or the body’s immune response. Serological tests, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) like the assays available here, can detect WNV-specific antibodies (IgM and IgG) in blood or cerebrospinal fluid. Molecular methods like PCR can be used to directly detect the viral RNA. Surveillance of mosquito populations and monitoring for human cases play a crucial role in early detection and public health response. Prevention measures include mosquito control, avoiding mosquito bites, and community education