Biotinylated Cynomolgus GDF15 Protein (Primary Amine Labeling) 4056

$675.00 – $2,250.00

Summary

Expression: HEK293
Functional: Yes (ELISA)
Amino Acid Range: Ala197-Val308

SKU: 4056parent Categories: proteins, Recombinant proteins Tag: active proteins

Weight	1 lbs
Dimensions	9 × 5 × 2 in
express system	HEK293
product tag	N-hFc
purity	> 95% as determined by Tris-Bis PAGE;> 95% as determined by HPLC
background	Growth and differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is an inflammation-associated hormone with poorly defined biology. Here, we investigated the role of GDF15 in bacterial and viral infections. Inflammation induced GDF15, and that GDF15 was necessary for surviving both bacterial and viral infections, as well as sepsis. The protective effects of GDF15 were largely independent of pathogen control or the magnitude of inflammatory response, suggesting a role in disease tolerance.
molecular weight	The protein has a predicted MW of 37.9 kDa. Due to glycosylation, the protein migrates to 40-50 kDa based on Tris-Bis PAGE result.
available size	100 µg, 500 µg
endotoxin	Less than 1EU per μg by the LAL method.

Biotinylated Cynomolgus GDF15 Protein (Primary Amine Labeling) 4056
protein
Size and concentration
100, 500µg and lyophilized
Form
Lyophilized
Storage Instructions
Valid for 12 months from date of receipt when stored at -80°C. Recommend to aliquot the protein into smaller quantities for optimal storage. Please minimize freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage buffer
Shipped at ambient temperature.
Purity
> 95% as determined by Tris-Bis PAGE
target relevance
Growth and differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is an inflammation-associated hormone with poorly defined biology. Here, we investigated the role of GDF15 in bacterial and viral infections. Inflammation induced GDF15, and that GDF15 was necessary for surviving both bacterial and viral infections, as well as sepsis. The protective effects of GDF15 were largely independent of pathogen control or the magnitude of inflammatory response, suggesting a role in disease tolerance.
Protein names
Growth/differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) (Macrophage inhibitory cytokine 1) (MIC-1)
Gene names
GDF15,GDF15 MIC1
Protein family
TGF-beta family
Mass
9541Da
Function
Hormone produced in response to various stresses to confer information about those stresses to the brain, and trigger an aversive response, characterized by nausea and/or loss of appetite (PubMed:28846097). The aversive response is both required to reduce continuing exposure to those stresses at the time of exposure and to promote avoidance behavior in the future (By similarity). Acts by binding to its receptor, GFRAL, activating GFRAL-expressing neurons localized in the area postrema and nucleus tractus solitarius of the brainstem (By similarity). It then triggers the activation of neurons localized within the parabrachial nucleus and central amygdala, which constitutes part of the 'emergency circuit' that shapes responses to stressful conditions (PubMed:28846097). The GDF15-GFRAL signal induces expression of genes involved in metabolism, such as lipid metabolism in adipose tissues (By similarity). Required for avoidance behavior in response to food allergens: induced downstream of mast cell activation to promote aversion and minimize harmful effects of exposure to noxious substances (By similarity). In addition to suppress appetite, also promotes weight loss by enhancing energy expenditure in muscle: acts by increasing calcium futile cycling in muscle (By similarity). Contributes to the effect of metformin, an anti-diabetic drug, on appetite reduction and weight loss: produced in the kidney in response to metformin treatment, thereby activating the GDF15-GFRAL response, leading to reduced appetite and weight (By similarity). Produced in response to anticancer drugs, such as camptothecin or cisplatin, promoting nausea and contributing to malnutrition (By similarity). Overproduced in many cancers, promoting anorexia in cancer (cachexia) (By similarity). Responsible for the risk of nausea during pregnancy: high levels of GDF15 during pregnancy, mostly originating from embryos, are associated with increased nausea (By similarity). Maternal sensitivity to nausea is probably determined by pre-pregnancy exposure to GDF15, females with naturally high level of GDF15 being less susceptible to nausea than females with low levels of GDF15 before pregnancy (By similarity). Promotes metabolic adaptation in response to systemic inflammation caused by bacterial and viral infections in order to promote tissue tolerance and prevent tissue damage (By similarity). Inhibits growth hormone signaling on hepatocytes (By similarity).
Subellular location
Secreted. Note=Secreted in the plasma.
Tissues
Detected in plasma (at protein level).
Structure
Homodimer; disulfide-linked. Interacts with GFRAL and RET; ligand of GFRAL, which mediates GDF15 internalization and cellular signaling through interaction with RET via the formation of a 2:2:2 ternary complex composed of GDF15, GFRAL and RET.
Target Relevance information above includes information from UniProt accession: G7PWZ3
The UniProt Consortium

ELISA with Biotinylated Cynomolgus GDF15 Protein (Primary Amine Labelin

Immobilized Cynomolgus GFRAL, His Tag at 1µg/ml (100µl/Well) on the plate. Dose response curve for Biotinylated Cynomolgus GDF15, hFc Tag with the EC50 of 4.8ng/ml determined by ELISA.

HPLC of Biotinylated Cynomolgus GDF15 Protein (Primary Amine Labeling)

The purity of Biotinylated Cynomolgus GDF15 is greater than 95% as determined by SEC-HPLC.

SDS-PAGE gel of Biotinylated Cynomolgus GDF15 Protein (Primary Amine La

Biotinylated Cynomolgus GDF15 on Tris-Bis PAGE under reduced condition. The purity is greater than 95%.

Publications

pmid	title	authors	citation
We haven't added any publications to our database yet.

Published literature highly relevant to the biological target of this product and referencing this antibody or clone are retrieved from PubMed database provided by The United States National Library of Medicine at the National Institutes of Health.