Mumps Virus:
The mumps virus is a member of the Paramyxoviridae family, characterized by a single-stranded RNA genome and an enveloped structure. It primarily spreads through respiratory droplets and has a predilection for the salivary glands. Mumps is preventable through vaccination, with the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine being a key component of routine childhood immunization programs.

Diseases caused by Mumps Virus:
Mumps infection manifests with swelling and tenderness of the salivary glands, particularly the parotid glands, leading to a characteristic “chipmunk face” appearance. Apart from parotitis, mumps can result in complications such as orchitis (inflammation of the testicles), oophoritis (inflammation of the ovaries), pancreatitis, and, rarely, meningitis or encephalitis. While most cases resolve without severe consequences, complications can occur, especially in adolescents and adults.

Detection and Diagnosis of Mumps Virus:
Diagnosing mumps is often based on clinical symptoms, particularly parotitis. Laboratory confirmation can be obtained through serological ELISA tests, like the ones available here, that detect mumps-specific antibodies. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays can be used to identify viral RNA in clinical specimens, such as saliva or urine. Mumps is a notifiable disease, and prompt diagnosis is essential for implementing public health measures to prevent further transmission.