Influenza Virus:
Influenza viruses belong to the Orthomyxoviridae family and have a segmented, negative-sense RNA genome. They are enveloped viruses with a characteristic surface protein called hemagglutinin (HA). Influenza viruses are known for causing seasonal flu outbreaks, with various subtypes such as H1N1 and H3N2.

Diseases caused by Influenza Virus:
Influenza typically presents with symptoms such as sudden onset of fever, cough, sore throat, muscle aches, and fatigue. Complications can include pneumonia, bronchitis, and exacerbation of underlying health conditions, particularly in high-risk individuals such as the elderly or those with compromised immune systems. Influenza viruses can also undergo genetic reassortment, leading to the emergence of new strains with pandemic potential.

Detection and Diagnosis of Influenza Virus:
Diagnosing influenza often involves molecular methods like reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to detect viral RNA in respiratory specimensSerological methods, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), like the assays provided here, can detect antibodies produced in response to infection. Timely diagnosis is critical during flu seasons to initiate antiviral treatment, implement infection control measures, and inform public health responses.