Corynebacterium diphtheriae:
Corynebacterium diphtheriae is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium that causes diphtheria, a potentially severe respiratory disease. This bacterium is characterized by its club-shaped appearance and the ability to produce a potent exotoxin, known as the diphtheria toxin, which is a major virulence factor.

Disease caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae:
Corynebacterium diphtheriae is responsible for causing diphtheria, a contagious disease that primarily affects the respiratory system. The diphtheria toxin produced by the bacterium can lead to the formation of a pseudomembrane in the throat, causing difficulty in breathing and swallowing. In severe cases, the toxin can enter the bloodstream, leading to systemic complications affecting the heart, kidneys, and nerves. Diphtheria can be fatal if left untreated.

Detection and Diagnosis of Diphtheria:
Diagnosing diphtheria involves clinical evaluation, laboratory tests, and culture of the bacterium from clinical samples. The presence of the pseudomembrane in the throat, characteristic symptoms, and a history of exposure are important clinical indicators. Laboratory tests, including the Elek test, can detect the presence of diphtheria toxin. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), like the assays available here, can be used to detect antibodies against infection. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays can also be used to confirm the presence of Corynebacterium diphtheriae DNA in clinical specimens. Diphtheria can be prevented through vaccination with the diphtheria toxoid as part of routine immunization programs.