Bordetella pertussis:
Bordetella pertussis is a Gram-negative bacterium known for causing whooping cough or pertussis. The bacterium has a coccobacillary shape and is encapsulated, aiding in its virulence. Pertussis is highly contagious and primarily affects the respiratory tract, leading to severe coughing fits, especially in infants and young children.

Diseases caused by Bordetella pertussis:
Pertussis manifests as a respiratory illness characterized by paroxysmal coughing, post-tussive vomiting, and a characteristic whooping sound during inhalation after coughing fits. In severe cases, particularly in infants, pertussis can lead to complications such as pneumonia, seizures, and, rarely, death. Vaccination with the pertussis component of the DTP or DTaP vaccine is a key preventive measure.

Detection and Diagnosis of Bordetella pertussis:
Diagnosing pertussis involves both clinical evaluation and laboratory testing. Molecular methods like PCR are commonly used to detect Bordetella pertussis DNA in respiratory samples. Serological methods, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), like the assays provided here, can detect antibodies produced in response to infection. Culture methods can also be employed, though they are less sensitive and take longer. Serological tests measuring antibodies against pertussis toxins can aid in retrospective diagnosis. Early diagnosis is crucial for initiating appropriate treatment and implementing preventive measures to limit the spread of the bacterium.