Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV):
Epstein-Barr Virus is a member of the herpesvirus family, characterized by its double-stranded DNA genome and an enveloped structure. It primarily infects B lymphocytes and epithelial cells. EBV is well-known for causing infectious mononucleosis, often referred to as “mono” or the “kissing disease.”

Diseases caused by Epstein-Barr Virus:
Infectious mononucleosis presents with symptoms such as fever, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes, and fatigue. EBV is also associated with various malignancies, including Burkitt’s lymphoma, Hodgkin’s lymphoma, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. In immunocompromised individuals, such as those with HIV/AIDS or transplant recipients, EBV can lead to more severe complications.

Detection and Diagnosis of Epstein-Barr Virus:
Laboratory diagnosis often involves serological tests, such as the detection of specific antibodies like heterophile antibodies (commonly used in the diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis). Molecular methods, including PCR, can be employed to detect EBV DNA in blood or other clinical samples. Serological methods, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), like the assays provided here, can detect antibodies produced in response to infection. Detection of specific EBV antigens aids in differentiating between acute and past infections. Early diagnosis is crucial, especially in cases of infectious mononucleosis, to manage symptoms and prevent complications.