Sample type Serum, Plasma, Cell Culture Supernatant, Other liquid samples
Components
Break apart microtiter test strips each coated single wells
8 x 12 (96 Total)
Lyophilized Standard
2 x vial
Biotin-labeled Antibody(Concentrated, 100X)
120 uL
HRP-Streptavidin Conjugate(Concentrated, 100X)
120 uL
Washing solution concentrate (25X)
30 mL
Sample Dilution buffer
20 mL
Antibody Dilution buffer
10 mL
Streptavidin Dilution buffer
10 mL
Stopping solution
10 mL
TMB Substrate (ready-to-use)
10 mL
Plate seals
3
Storage Store at 2-8°C.
target relevance
anti-Remtolumab antibody Anti-drug antibodies (ADAs) generated in subjects following administration of Remtolumab.
Remtolumab Remtolumab biologic drug binds Homo sapiens TNF,Homo sapiens IL17A
Homo sapiens TNF Tumor necrosis factor
Protein names Tumor necrosis factor
Alternative names Cachectin, TNF-alpha, Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 2
Gene names TNF
Protein family Belongs to the tumor necrosis factor family
Function Cytokine that binds to TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B/TNFBR. It is mainly secreted by macrophages and can induce cell death of certain tumor cell lines. It is potent pyrogen causing fever by direct action or by stimulation of interleukin-1 secretion and is implicated in the induction of cachexia, Under certain conditions it can stimulate cell proliferation and induce cell differentiation. Impairs regulatory T-cells (Treg) function in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis via FOXP3 dephosphorylation. Up-regulates the expression of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1), which dephosphorylates the key 'Ser-418' residue of FOXP3, thereby inactivating FOXP3 and rendering Treg cells functionally defective (PubMed:23396208). Key mediator of cell death in the anticancer action of BCG-stimulated neutrophils in combination with DIABLO/SMAC mimetic in the RT4v6 bladder cancer cell line (PubMed:16829952, PubMed:22517918, PubMed:23396208). Induces insulin resistance in adipocytes via inhibition of insulin-induced IRS1 tyrosine phosphorylation and insulin-induced glucose uptake. Induces GKAP42 protein degradation in adipocytes which is partially responsible for TNF-induced insulin resistance (By similarity). Plays a role in angiogenesis by inducing VEGF production synergistically with IL1B and IL6 (PubMed:12794819). Promotes osteoclastogenesis and therefore mediates bone resorption (By similarity)
Subcellular location Secreted
Structure Homotrimer. Interacts with SPPL2B
Post-translational modification The soluble form derives from the membrane form by proteolytic processing. The membrane-bound form is further proteolytically processed by SPPL2A or SPPL2B through regulated intramembrane proteolysis producing TNF intracellular domains (ICD1 and ICD2) released in the cytosol and TNF C-domain 1 and C-domain 2 secreted into the extracellular space The membrane form, but not the soluble form, is phosphorylated on serine residues. Dephosphorylation of the membrane form occurs by binding to soluble TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 O-glycosylated; glycans contain galactose, N-acetylgalactosamine and N-acetylneuraminic acid The soluble form is demyristoylated at Lys-19 and Lys-20 by SIRT6, promoting its secretion
Involvement in disease Psoriatic arthritis An inflammatory, seronegative arthritis associated with psoriasis. It is a heterogeneous disorder ranging from a mild, non-destructive disease to a severe, progressive, erosive arthropathy. Five types of psoriatic arthritis have been defined: asymmetrical oligoarthritis characterized by primary involvement of the small joints of the fingers or toes; asymmetrical arthritis which involves the joints of the extremities; symmetrical polyarthritis characterized by a rheumatoid like pattern that can involve hands, wrists, ankles, and feet; arthritis mutilans, which is a rare but deforming and destructive condition; arthritis of the sacroiliac joints and spine (psoriatic spondylitis).
Immunodeficiency 127 An autosomal recessive immunologic disorder characterized by increased susceptibility to pulmonary infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Affected individuals develop recurrent pulmonary tuberculosis, but have no adverse reaction to live BCG vaccination.
Alternative names Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 8
Gene names IL17A
Protein family Belongs to the IL-17 family
Function Effector cytokine of innate and adaptive immune system involved in antimicrobial host defense and maintenance of tissue integrity (PubMed:24120361). Signals via IL17RA-IL17RC heterodimeric receptor complex, triggering homotypic interaction of IL17RA and IL17RC chains with TRAF3IP2 adapter. This leads to downstream TRAF6-mediated activation of NF-kappa-B and MAPkinase pathways ultimately resulting in transcriptional activation of cytokines, chemokines, antimicrobial peptides and matrix metalloproteinases, with potential strong immune inflammation (PubMed:17911633, PubMed:18684971, PubMed:19825828, PubMed:21350122, PubMed:24120361, PubMed:8676080). Plays an important role in connecting T cell-mediated adaptive immunity and acute inflammatory response to destroy extracellular bacteria and fungi. As a signature effector cytokine of T-helper 17 cells (Th17), primarily induces neutrophil activation and recruitment at infection and inflammatory sites (By similarity). In airway epithelium, mediates neutrophil chemotaxis via induction of CXCL1 and CXCL5 chemokines (By similarity). In secondary lymphoid organs, contributes to germinal center formation by regulating the chemotactic response of B cells to CXCL12 and CXCL13, enhancing retention of B cells within the germinal centers, B cell somatic hypermutation rate and selection toward plasma cells (By similarity). Effector cytokine of a subset of gamma-delta T cells that functions as part of an inflammatory circuit downstream IL1B, TLR2 and IL23A-IL12B to promote neutrophil recruitment for efficient bacterial clearance (By similarity). Effector cytokine of innate immune cells including invariant natural killer cell (iNKT) and group 3 innate lymphoid cells that mediate initial neutrophilic inflammation (By similarity). Involved in the maintenance of the integrity of epithelial barriers during homeostasis and pathogen infection (PubMed:21350122). Upon acute injury, has a direct role in epithelial barrier formation by regulating OCLN localization and tight junction biogenesis (By similarity). As part of the mucosal immune response induced by commensal bacteria, enhances host's ability to resist pathogenic bacterial and fungal infections by promoting neutrophil recruitment and antimicrobial peptides release (By similarity). In synergy with IL17F, mediates the production of antimicrobial beta-defensins DEFB1, DEFB103A, and DEFB104A by mucosal epithelial cells, limiting the entry of microbes through the epithelial barriers (By similarity). Involved in antiviral host defense through various mechanisms (By similarity). Enhances immunity against West Nile virus by promoting T cell cytotoxicity (By similarity). May play a beneficial role in influenza A virus (H5N1) infection by enhancing B cell recruitment and immune response in the lung (By similarity). Contributes to influenza A virus (H1N1) clearance by driving the differentiation of B-1a B cells, providing for production of virus-specific IgM antibodies at first line of host defense (By similarity)
Subcellular location Secreted
Structure Homodimer (PubMed:19835883). Forms complexes with IL17RA and IL17RC receptors with 2:1 binding stoichiometry: two receptor chains for one interleukin molecule (PubMed:32187518). IL17A homodimer preferentially drives the formation of IL17RA-IL17RC heterodimeric receptor complex (PubMed:32187518). IL17A homodimer adopts an asymmetrical ternary structure with one IL17RA molecule, allowing for high affinity interactions of one IL17A monomer with one IL17RA molecule (via D1 and D2 domains), while disfavoring binding of a second IL17RA molecule on the other IL17A monomer (PubMed:23695682). Heterodimer with IL17F (PubMed:17355969). IL17A-IL17F forms complexes with IL17RA-IL17RC, but with lower affinity when compared to IL17A homodimer (PubMed:32187518). IL17RA and IL17RC chains cannot distinguish between IL17A and IL17F molecules, potentially enabling the formation of topologically distinct complexes (PubMed:17355969, PubMed:28827714)
Post-translational modification N-glycosylated. Found both in glycosylated and nonglycosylated forms
Keywords 3D-structure, Adaptive immunity, Cytokine, Direct protein sequencing, Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein, Immunity, Inflammatory response, Innate immunity, Proteomics identification, Reference proteome, Secreted, Signal
Homo sapiens IL-17A/F IL17A + IL17F heterodimer cytokine
Homo sapiens IL17F Interleukin-17F
Protein names Interleukin-17F
Alternative names Cytokine ML-1
Gene names IL17F
Protein family Belongs to the IL-17 family
Function Effector cytokine of innate and adaptive immune system involved in antimicrobial host defense and maintenance of tissue integrity (PubMed:21350122). IL17A-IL17F signals via IL17RA-IL17RC heterodimeric receptor complex, triggering homotypic interaction of IL17RA and IL17RC chains with TRAF3IP2 adapter through SEFIR domains. This leads to downstream TRAF6-mediated activation of NF-kappa-B and MAPkinase pathways ultimately resulting in transcriptional activation of cytokines, chemokines, antimicrobial peptides and matrix metalloproteinases, with potential strong immune inflammation (PubMed:11574464, PubMed:11591732, PubMed:11591768, PubMed:17911633, PubMed:18684971, PubMed:21350122, PubMed:28827714). IL17A-IL17F is primarily involved in host defense against extracellular bacteria and fungi by inducing neutrophilic inflammation (By similarity). As signature effector cytokine of T-helper 17 cells (Th17), primarily induces neutrophil activation and recruitment at infection and inflammatory sites (By similarity). Stimulates the production of antimicrobial beta-defensins DEFB1, DEFB103A, and DEFB104A by mucosal epithelial cells, limiting the entry of microbes through the epithelial barriers (By similarity). IL17F homodimer can signal via IL17RC homodimeric receptor complex, triggering downstream activation of TRAF6 and NF-kappa-B signaling pathway (PubMed:32187518). Via IL17RC induces transcriptional activation of IL33, a potent cytokine that stimulates group 2 innate lymphoid cells and adaptive T-helper 2 cells involved in pulmonary allergic response to fungi. Likely via IL17RC, promotes sympathetic innervation of peripheral organs by coordinating the communication between gamma-delta T cells and parenchymal cells. Stimulates sympathetic innervation of thermogenic adipose tissue by driving TGFB1 expression (By similarity). Regulates the composition of intestinal microbiota and immune tolerance by inducing antimicrobial proteins that specifically control the growth of commensal Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes (By similarity)
Subcellular location Secreted
Structure Homodimer; disulfide-linked (PubMed:19838198, PubMed:32187518). Heterodimer with IL17A (IL17A-IL17F) (PubMed:17355969). Forms complexes with IL17RA and IL17RC receptors with 2:1 binding stoichiometry: two receptor chains for one interleukin molecule. IL17F homodimer forms predominantly complexes with IL17RC homodimer, whereas IL17A-IL17F favors complexes with IL17RA-IL17RC (PubMed:17911633, PubMed:18684971, PubMed:28827714, PubMed:32187518). IL17RA and IL17RC chains cannot distinguish between IL17A and IL17F molecules, potentially enabling the formation of topologically distinct complexes (PubMed:28827714)
Involvement in disease Candidiasis, familial, 6 A primary immunodeficiency disorder with altered immune responses and impaired clearance of fungal infections, selective against Candida. It is characterized by persistent and/or recurrent infections of the skin, nails and mucous membranes caused by organisms of the genus Candida, mainly Candida albicans.
Keywords 3D-structure, Adaptive immunity, Cytokine, Direct protein sequencing, Disease variant, Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein, Immunity, Inflammatory response, Innate immunity, Proteomics identification, Reference proteome, Secreted, Signal
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Published literature highly relevant to the biological target of this product and referencing this antibody or clone are retrieved from the PubMed database provided by the United States National Library of Medicine at the National Institutes of Health.
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