Nanobodies, the compact and versatile antibody fragments derived from camelids like alpacas and dromedaries, have become an indispensable tool in research and diagnostics. These tiny powerhouses, known for their exceptional binding capabilities, can be sourced from immune libraries by immunizing camelids with a target antigen,… Read More »Generating Nanobodies: A Brief Guide
This is the first in our series of blog posts discussing Nanobodies, the petite powerhouses of the biotechnology world, are intriguing not only for their origins but also for their remarkable sequence and domain structure. These miniature antibodies, found in animals like llamas and camels,… Read More »Deciphering the DNA of Nanobodies: Unraveling Their Unique Sequence and Domain Structure
Antibodies have long been the workhorses of molecular biology and immunology, revolutionizing research and diagnostics. However, in recent years, scientists have started to explore alternative binders to antibodies to overcome certain limitations. This blog post delves into some of these innovative alternatives, including nanobodies, binders… Read More »Exploring Alternative Binders to Antibodies: The First in a Series
Decoding its 3D Structure, Fluorescence, and Color-Changing Mutants Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) is a captivating molecule that has revolutionized the way we study cells and organisms. Its 3D structure, fluorescence mechanism, and remarkable mutants that change its color are a testament to the fascinating world… Read More »The magic of GFP – green fluorescent protein
Fluorescence is a captivating phenomenon that has transformed the way we label antibodies and image cells. To comprehend this mesmerizing effect, one must grasp the fundamental principles governing it: excitation, excited state, decay, and emission, and a crucial factor called the Stokes shift. These principles… Read More »Unlocking the Secrets of Fluorescence: Understanding Excitation, Excited State, Decay, and Emission
In this blog post, we will explore how Protein A functions when binding antibodies, its source, and describe the mechanism behind this interaction. The Source of Protein A Protein A is an extraordinary molecule, initially discovered in the cell wall of Staphylococcus aureus, a bacterium… Read More »Decoding the Magic of Protein A: Antibody Binding and Beyond
In immunology the interaction between antibodies and antigens forms the basis of our body’s defense mechanisms. When it comes to studying these interactions, proteins like Protein G play a pivotal role. In this post, we will delve into the intricate workings of Protein G and… Read More »Demystifying Protein G: A Key Player in Antibody Binding
Scientists are continually seeking innovative methods to enhance the specificity and versatility of their reagents. One such technique involves the conjugation of antibodies with enzymes, peptides, or fluorophores, unlocking a plethora of possibilities for diagnostics, therapeutics, and fundamental research. In this blog post, we’ll explore… Read More »Conjugating Antibodies with Enzymes, Peptides, and Fluorophores Using Sulfo-SMCC Heterobifunctional Crosslinking Reagent
In the world of molecular biology and biomedical research, antibody-horseradish peroxidase (HRP) conjugates have emerged as indispensable tools for various applications, including immunoassays, immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting. To appreciate their significance fully, one must delve into the chemistry of the peroxidase reaction that powers these conjugates. In this blog post, we’ll explore HRP chemistry, shedding light on the catalytic process that makes antibody-HRP conjugates invaluable in the laboratory.
Secondary antibodies are crucial in a multitude of applications, particularly in immunodetection techniques like Western blotting, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Their primary function is to amplify the signal generated by the binding of primary antibodies to specific target molecules. This amplification is pivotal for visualizing and quantifying proteins or other biomolecules within a sample. One essential aspect of secondary antibodies’ reliability is their manufacturing process, which often involves affinity purification.