Human AKT2 Protein 2172

$300.00 – $1,000.00

Summary

Expression: Baculovirus-Insect Cells
Pure: Yes (SDS-PAGE)
Amino Acid Range: Met1-Glu481

SKU: 2172parent Categories: proteins, Recombinant proteins Tag: active proteins

Weight	1 lbs
Dimensions	9 × 5 × 2 in
accession	P31751
express system	Baculovirus-Insect Cells
product tag	N-His-GST
purity	> 95% as determined by Tris-Bis PAGE
background	Akt2 is a pivotal player in a complex web of signaling pathways controlling cell growth, proliferation, and survival. The deregulation or aberrations of Akt2 have been associated with tumor progression, metastatic spread, and, lastly, chemoresistance.
molecular weight	The protein has a predicted MW of 84.00 kDa. The protein migrates to 70-85 kDa based on Tris-Bis PAGE result.
available size	100 µg, 500 µg
endotoxin	Less than 1EU per μg by the LAL method.

Human AKT2 Protein 2172

protein

Size and concentration 100, 500µg and liquid
Form Liquid
Storage Instructions Valid for 12 months from date of receipt when stored at -80°C. Recommend to aliquot the protein into smaller quantities for optimal storage. Please minimize freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage buffer Shipped with dry ice.
Purity > 95% as determined by Tris-Bis PAGE

target relevance
Akt2 is a pivotal player in a complex web of signaling pathways controlling cell growth, proliferation, and survival. The deregulation or aberrations of Akt2 have been associated with tumor progression, metastatic spread, and, lastly, chemoresistance.
Protein names RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase (EC 2.7.11.1) (Protein kinase Akt-2) (Protein kinase B beta) (PKB beta) (RAC protein kinase beta) (RAC-PK-beta)
Gene names AKT2,AKT2
Protein family Protein kinase superfamily, AGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family, RAC subfamily
Mass 9606Da
Function Serine/threonine kinase closely related to AKT1 and AKT3. All 3 enzymes, AKT1, AKT2 and AKT3, are collectively known as AKT kinase. AKT regulates many processes including metabolism, proliferation, cell survival, growth and angiogenesis, through the phosphorylation of a range of downstream substrates. Over 100 substrates have been reported so far, although for most of them, the precise AKT kinase catalyzing the reaction was not specified. AKT regulates glucose uptake by mediating insulin-induced translocation of the SLC2A4/GLUT4 glucose transporter to the cell surface. Phosphorylation of PTPN1 at 'Ser-50' negatively modulates its phosphatase activity preventing dephosphorylation of the insulin receptor and the attenuation of insulin signaling. Phosphorylation of TBC1D4 triggers the binding of this effector to inhibitory 14-3-3 proteins, which is required for insulin-stimulated glucose transport. AKT also regulates the storage of glucose in the form of glycogen by phosphorylating GSK3A at 'Ser-21' and GSK3B at 'Ser-9', resulting in inhibition of its kinase activity. Phosphorylation of GSK3 isoforms by AKT is also thought to be one mechanism by which cell proliferation is driven. AKT regulates also cell survival via the phosphorylation of MAP3K5 (apoptosis signal-related kinase). Phosphorylation of 'Ser-83' decreases MAP3K5 kinase activity stimulated by oxidative stress and thereby prevents apoptosis. AKT mediates insulin-stimulated protein synthesis by phosphorylating TSC2 at 'Ser-939' and 'Thr-1462', thereby activating mTORC1 signaling and leading to both phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 and in activation of RPS6KB1. AKT is involved in the phosphorylation of members of the FOXO factors (Forkhead family of transcription factors), leading to binding of 14-3-3 proteins and cytoplasmic localization. In particular, FOXO1 is phosphorylated at 'Thr-24', 'Ser-256' and 'Ser-319'. FOXO3 and FOXO4 are phosphorylated on equivalent sites. AKT has an important role in the regulation of NF-kappa-B-dependent gene transcription and positively regulates the activity of CREB1 (cyclic AMP (cAMP)-response element binding protein). The phosphorylation of CREB1 induces the binding of accessory proteins that are necessary for the transcription of pro-survival genes such as BCL2 and MCL1. AKT phosphorylates 'Ser-454' on ATP citrate lyase (ACLY), thereby potentially regulating ACLY activity and fatty acid synthesis. Activates the 3B isoform of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE3B) via phosphorylation of 'Ser-273', resulting in reduced cyclic AMP levels and inhibition of lipolysis. Phosphorylates PIKFYVE on 'Ser-318', which results in increased PI(3)P-5 activity. The Rho GTPase-activating protein DLC1 is another substrate and its phosphorylation is implicated in the regulation cell proliferation and cell growth. AKT plays a role as key modulator of the AKT-mTOR signaling pathway controlling the tempo of the process of newborn neurons integration during adult neurogenesis, including correct neuron positioning, dendritic development and synapse formation. Signals downstream of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI(3)K) to mediate the effects of various growth factors such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), insulin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). AKT mediates the antiapoptotic effects of IGF-I. Essential for the SPATA13-mediated regulation of cell migration and adhesion assembly and disassembly. May be involved in the regulation of the placental development (PubMed:21432781, PubMed:21620960). In response to lysophosphatidic acid stimulation, inhibits the ciliogenesis cascade. In this context, phosphorylates WDR44, hence stabilizing its interaction with Rab11 and preventing the formation of the ciliogenic Rab11-FIP3-RAB3IP complex. Also phosphorylates RAB3IP/Rabin8, thus may affect RAB3IP guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activity toward Rab8, which is important for cilia growth (PubMed:31204173).; Several AKT2-specific substrates have been identified, including ANKRD2, C2CD5, CLK2 and PITX2. May play a role in myoblast differentiation. In this context, may act through PITX2 phosphorylation. Unphosphorylated PITX2 associates with an ELAVL1/HuR-containing complex, which stabilizes CCND1 cyclin mRNA, ensuring cell proliferation. Phosphorylation by AKT2 impairs this association, leading to CCND1 mRNA destabilization and progression towards differentiation (By similarity). Also involved in the negative regulation of myogenesis in response to stress conditions. In this context, acts by phosphorylating ANKRD2 (By similarity). May also be a key regulator of glucose uptake. Regulates insulin-stimulated glucose transport by the increase of glucose transporter GLUT4 translocation from intracellular stores to the plasma membrane. In this context, acts by phosphorylating C2CD5/CDP138 on 'Ser-197' in insulin-stimulated adipocytes (By similarity). Through the phosphorylation of CLK2 on 'Thr-343', involved in insulin-regulated suppression of hepatic gluconeogenesis (By similarity).
Subellular location Cytoplasm. Nucleus. Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. Early endosome. Note=Through binding of the N-terminal PH domain to phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4,5)P3) or phosphatidylinositol (3,4)-bisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4)P2), recruited to the plasma membrane. Cell membrane recruitment is facilitated by interaction with CLIP3. Colocalizes with WDFY2 in early endosomes (By similarity). Localizes within both nucleus and cytoplasm in proliferative primary myoblasts and mostly within the nucleus of differentiated primary myoblasts (PubMed:17565718).
Tissues Widely expressed. Expressed in myoblasts (PubMed:17565718).
Structure Interacts with BTBD10 (By similarity). Interacts with KCTD20 (By similarity). Interacts (via PH domain) with MTCP1, TCL1A and TCL1B; this interaction may facilitate AKT2 oligomerization and phosphorylation, hence increasing kinase activity (PubMed:10983986). Interacts with PHB2; this interaction may be important for myogenic differentiation (By similarity). Interacts (when phosphorylated) with CLIP3/ClipR-59; this interaction promotes AKT2 recruitment to the plasma membrane (By similarity). Interacts with WDFY2/ProF (via WD repeats 1-3) (PubMed:16792529).
Post-translational modification Phosphorylated and activated by PDK1 in the presence of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PubMed:9512493). Phosphorylation on Thr-309 and Ser-474 is required for full activity (PubMed:12086620, PubMed:12434148, PubMed:15890450, PubMed:20059950).; Ubiquitinated; undergoes both 'Lys-48'- and 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitination. TRAF6 catalyzes 'Lys-63'-linked AKT2 ubiquitination; this modification may be important for AKT2 recruitment to the plasma membrane and for AKT2 activating phosphorylation (PubMed:19713527). When phosphorylated, undergoes 'Lys-48'-polyubiquitination catalyzed by TTC3 in the nucleus, leading to its degradation by the proteasome (PubMed:20059950).; O-GlcNAcylation at Thr-306 and Thr-313 inhibits activating phosphorylation at Thr-309 via the disruption of the interaction between AKT and PDK1.
Domain Bi
Target Relevance information above includes information from UniProt accession: P31751
The UniProt Consortium

Human AKT2 on Tris-Bis PAGE under reduced condition. The purity is greater than 95%.

Publications

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We haven't added any publications to our database yet.

Published literature highly relevant to the biological target of this product and referencing this antibody or clone are retrieved from PubMed database provided by The United States National Library of Medicine at the National Institutes of Health.